5 Habits that make Breasts Hang

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Is it possible that a bra can make the breasts hang even when you just walk with it to avoid it? Be careful to choose the right size for you and make sure your bras fit properly.

Everyone knows that you cannot fight the effects of time, and sooner or later we all have to accept old age with all its symptoms at some point in life. Therefore , you may think that your breasts will not be the same after you are 40 or 60 years of age because with the passage of time they lose their firmness and will hang. But there are things you can do every day to delay this sign of aging and prevent this from happening early because some of your daily habits can make them start to hang out earlier than they should. In this article we will give you some of the most common reasons that make your breasts hang.

breasts hang

Lots of factors can reduce the firmness, tension and youthful appearance of your breasts. This includes, for example, the number of children you are breastfeeding, dramatic changes in weight and even the type of bra you carry. But most women do not know the other important factors that can also cause this problem.

Your breasts are one of your most attractive features, a seduction and sensuality tool – by properly caring for them, you can make them look younger longer. In today’s article, we will share some habits you should avoid if you want to avoid getting stingy breasts early in life.

Wrong bra can make your breasts hang

This is one of the most common sinners that many women ignore. Bra’s are made of flexible materials that are easily adjustable to the body. However, many women carry the wrong size, and a poor fit can lead to hanging bridges. Ideally, you should choose a size and fit that is not too tight. Up to 80% of women wear the wrong kind of bra – are you one of them?

Smoking is a vice that not only affects your overall health. It also makes the skin lose its elasticity and makes your breasts hang and wrinkle more easily . This bad habit diminishes the amount of collagen in the skin and makes the blood circulation worse. The result is that your skin shows signs of aging prematurely.

Constant fluctuations in weight make your breasts hang

Dramatic and sudden weight loss can cause the skin to lose its firmness and reduce body fat. Your breasts consist of glands and adipose tissue, which is why weight loss can make them sink. In this regard, you almost always see pendants in women who follow a diet that causes their weight to fluctuate up and down . By having a balanced diet, you help maintain the tension under the skin that is responsible for keeping your breasts up. So it is ideal to maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet .

Different treatment methods breast enlargement

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In a breast augmentation, a plastic surgeon inserts breast implants to increase the volume of the breasts. You can also choose to have your breasts enlarged with your own fat. This is called lipofilling. Breast prostheses, however, are used more often. There are different treatment methods to enlarge your breasts. For example, the prosthesis can be placed in front, behind or partly in front of and behind the pectoral muscle. Which method in your situation is suitable, you can discuss in advance with a doctor.

Implant on or behind the pectoral muscle

Behind the breast tissue is the large chest muscle or pectoralis major. A breast prosthesis can be placed both in front of and behind this muscle. Which method best suits your breast augmentation depends on the pectoral muscle and your breast tissue.

About the pectoral muscle

In a breast augmentation where the breast prosthesis is placed on the chest muscle, it is directly under the breast tissue. This is only possible if your own breast tissue is thick enough. With thin tissue you could see the forms of the prosthesis through it.

Breast prosthesis behind the pectoral muscle

If the tissue is too thin, the surgeon places the implant behind the pectoral muscle. For women who exercise intensively and train their chest muscles, this method is less suitable. The pectoral muscle is in fact less well attached to the underlying tissue because there is a prosthesis between the tissue and the muscle.

Partially behind the pectoral muscle: dual plane method

It is also possible to partially place the pectoral muscle behind the pectoral muscle. This is called the dual plane method. The breast prosthesis is placed at the top below the large chest muscle. The underside of the prosthesis is over the breast muscle. This prevents the implant from being visible, because it is better ‘hidden’ at the top. The transition of the breast tissue is more natural in the implant.

The location of the incisions

The best known method for inserting a breast implant is through an incision in the breast fold. However, it is also possible to make an incision in the armpit or to insert the prosthesis through the areola.

Scars in the chest fold

A breast augmentation operation with an incision under the breast is called an inframammary breast augmentation. The surgeon can see the tissue well during this operation and can thus insert the prosthesis properly. The scar remains visible after the operation, but because the chest often hangs a bit, it is hardly visible. If you wear a bra or bikini, the scar will fall under the fabric.

Scars in the armpit

In an axillary breast augmentation, the surgeon inserts the breast implants through an incision in the armpits. A cut of about 5 cm is made. The advantage of this is that the scars fall away in the armpit fold and are therefore hardly visible. It is essential that the prosthesis is placed behind the pectoral muscle in this method.

Scars around the areola

A third way to introduce the breast implant is via the areola. This is also called a peri-areolar breast augmentation. An incision is made around the nipple and under the nipple you get a vertical incision to the underside of the breast. Because this shape is somewhat like a keyhole, it is also called the keyhole method.


Breast augmentation with lipofilling

An entirely different way to perform breast augmentation is lipofilling . You do not get breast implants, but your breasts are enlarged with your own fat. The surgeon removes fat from your stomach, buttocks or legs with liposuction. This he then injects into your breasts. So you only have natural and body tissue in your body and no prostheses with silicone or saline.

Use Oregano oil as a daily supplement

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Oregano oil is a product made from the oregano plant, also known as wild marjoram. Oregano oil is known to have various health-promoting properties. Scientific research has shown that oregano has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which makes oregano oil an effective health-supporting supplement. There are also indications that the oil – which is available in the form of capsules and soft gels – helps against complaints such as muscle pain, sore throat, headache, heart weakness and fatigue.

About oregano

Oregano is a well-known kitchen herb. Many people know this plant from the lip-flowers family especially as a seasoning for Italian dishes such as pastas, pizzas and salads, but also in, for example, Spanish and Mexican cuisine is used. In most cases, it is then used in dried form. Other names for the plant are wild marjoram and eelweed. The herb is quite fragrant and the taste can be described as a mix of spicy and slightly sweet. The longer you heat the oregano in a dish, the more flavorful it becomes. Oregano is therefore often added to the preparation process early on. Often it is combined with, among other things, thyme, rosemary and sage. The leaves can also be added to a dish raw.

What is oregano oil used for?

Where many people know the herb oregano or wild marjoram as a tasty ingredient for various dishes, there is also another reason for the popularity of the plant. Oregano is very healthy and a supplement based on oregano can be used on a daily basis to promote health.

There are indications that the ancient Greeks used oregano as a medicinal plant. It is not for nothing that the name oregano comes from the Greek words oros and ganos, which mean as much as ‘mountain’ and ‘joy’. Hippocrates described the plant as an anti-septic agent in one of his works. Meanwhile, much scientific research has been done into the health-promoting properties of the herb.

Scientists from the Swiss Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences experienced a breakthrough in research into the health-promoting effects of oregano in 2008 when they investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of different plants. They discovered that especially the substance beta-caryophyllene has strong anti-inflammatory properties. Beta-caryophyllene is highly present in oregano (Gertsch, J. et al, 2008).

Oregano also contains an organic compound called carvacrol; a derivative of phenol and p-cymene. The substance – which is also used in fragrances and flavors – has a strong effect against micro-organisms. It is therefore also used as an anti-septic agent. Research at Utrecht University has shown that carvacrol can protect against E. coli and Salmonella bacteria (Burt, SA et al, 2003).

How do you use oregano oil?

Oregano oil is sold as a supplement in 2018. It is a product that can be taken safely and that is known to support health, including in the fight against harmful bacteria and substances that can cause inflammation and to which we are exposed on a daily basis. Oregano oil is seen as very safe, although there are people who can get stomach pains. Oregano oil is widely sold in capsule form, where a large amount of dried oregano is compressed in one capsule or softgel. The intake of such a supplement is much more effective than the regular addition of oregano to dishes because it allows you to take a large dose in one go.

Crescendo fasting: a diet aimed at the woman

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Periodic fasting has proven to be a successful and simple way to stay on weight or to lose weight. Unfortunately, according to certain timetables, the food does not always seem to be as successful for the female followers. What is the cause of this? Fortunately, a method has been developed that does work for women. It avoids the undermining triggers, which unfortunately stir many methods into the woman’s body. This fixed method is called crescendo fasting or crescendo fasting. What is crescendo fasting and why does it work so well in women where other methods fail?

how to lose weight

Periodic fasting – eating and fasting within certain successive time slots – has all kinds of variations and bandwidths. It is simply said a diet that follows the clock. One eats within a certain period of time and one refrains from food within the following period. Food and fasting always alternate. It is also referred to by the English term intermittent fasting (IF). IF is not necessarily a diet, it is a schedule to follow. Of course it can be used to lose fat, but it can also help to stay on weight. In principle, the various methods do not take into account whether someone is male or female. As a result of advancing insight, there has been a reversal, which is especially important for the woman.

Fasting and hormones in the diet

Periodic fasting has not always been successful in women, even though they have fully adhered to the prescribed method. It has been found that women who want to fast periodically also have to take into account the right hormonal balance in their body. Consider, for example, problems with weight loss after the menopause or the collapse of the cycle when underweight. This hardly plays in men. They can achieve extremely low fat percentages, which are impossible for women. Nature simply wants the woman to retain fat.

Fat plays an important role in women, because in the fat layer specific (female-own) body processes occur. Women who periodically fast can unintentionally trigger the release of certain hormones, which disrupt the quantity in the body and continue to counteract weight loss or weight. That is why some fixed methods are not the best choice for women. What is going on?

Why do hormones work against the woman

The main tasks of the woman’s body are, in short, arranged to ensure offspring and to survive. The lack of nutrition during fasting, alert the body. The woman’s body can sometimes react hormonally violently in that alert state. The body thinks that reproduction (such as ovulation) is, for example, at risk and goes into action. The body will react by the hormones leptin and grehlineextra to make. These are the ‘hunger hormones’, which fuel the appetite. After a period of time within which it has been fastened, it is almost impossible with such a hormonal release not to seize caloric food. The body just forces it off. The method will fail because the daily calorie requirement is exceeded each time. The longer the period of fasting in time is (and men go fine), the more (tensile) hormones are created and the hunger feeling worsens. Fasting interspersed with binge eating does not make people happy and gives stress. Stress causes the production of cortisol , another hormone that can disrupt weight loss. Many women will understandably drop out because of all this.

This shows that the length of time for fasting is important for women. In view of the task of the woman and her hormones, it is not surprising that long time segments – sometimes longer than one day of fasting – trigger unwanted hormonal reactions. In addition, many women choose to practice long periods of cardio training for weight loss and for greatly reduced calorie intake. Such factors make it even more hungry and cause a lot of stress in the body.

Fasting can also be a trigger for the extra production of estrogen , the female reproductive hormone . Estrogen gives the woman, among other things, her curves. It will fuel the appetite and ensure that the body does not release the fat reserves. Furthermore, fasting can affect the production of insulin. An excess of this hormone leads to fat storage. It is clear that especially the hormones in the women’s body do not appreciate losing weight and are alert to all sorts of things that indicate this to counteract. It is therefore extremely important that women who want to lose weight or stay on their weight, ensure that the hormones that can undermine weight loss do not get out of hand. Many methods of measurement go beyond this problem. Fortunately, a method of fasting has been developed that specifically targets the woman and takes into account the hormonal triggers. This method is called crescendo fasting or crescendo fasting.

Increase your intelligence

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Increasing your intelligence is always possible . While it is true that we are born with a certain genetic predisposition, which causes us to tend to be more or less intelligent, it is also certain that the brain is an organ of great flexibility. This means that they can change and adapt according to our experiences.

Intelligence is therefore not only applicable to professional activities. In one way or another , being more intelligent also helps us to be happier . This is because it enables us to deal better with difficult situations . It is therefore worthwhile to increase your intelligence. That’s why we share seven tricks to achieve that.

1. Increase your intelligence by meditating

Meditating increases the intelligence in the sense that it makes us more attentive and we can better perceive what is happening around us and inside us . This is not a simple assumption, but something that is supported by research. In different experiments, using magnetic resonances, the brain has been shown to work better after doing a meditation session.

There is no worse enemy for the brain than stress . Under these conditions, cortisol is released, a hormone that damages our ability to concentrate and our memory . Meditation reduces stress. You do not have to become a monk, it is good enough if you use breathing and relaxation exercises every moment that you have to wait. For example when you are queuing at the ticket office or when you are waiting for the bus.

2. Expose yourself to new experiences

Anything new is a stimulus that leads to an increase in intelligence . Novelty creates unprecedented connections in your brain. This is because a thought process has to be carried out in order to absorb new information, to be able to understand and to be able to assimilate with what you already know.

A trip, a trip to an unknown place, reading a new book or an experience of something you do not often do, is a great input for your brain. By staying in your comfort zone, you will only become diaper .

3. Do regular physical and mental exercises

Physical activity supplies the brain with oxygen and improves its functioning . It is also a way to reduce stress and improve mental hygiene. Body and mind are always connected. A healthy body is essential for a healthy mind, able to increase its capacity.

It is also important to regularly perform mental exercises . Try to stimulate your memory by remembering phone numbers or other facts. It is good for you to do simple mathematical calculations by heart. Chess, crossword puzzles and other similar games work very positively to increase your intelligence.

4. Learning a new language or playing an instrument

Learning a new language is always a big challenge. It is not easy, especially when it comes to a language that is far removed from your mother tongue. But it is precisely that difficulty that makes it an excellent way to increase your intelligence .

If you learn a new language, you use many intellectual functions at the same time. The same thing happens when you learn to play a musical instrument. In both cases there is the training of attention, memory, coordination, analogies , etc .

WEIGHT LOSS TIPS ON NUTRITION

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Losing weight can be difficult if you do not know what to look out for exactly. There are countless and yet simple ways that can help you lose weight. Maybe you already do some of these ways, but do you notice little result?

1. Eat healthy fats only

Foods with healthy fats contain many healthy substances that our body needs. These foods also ensure that you are more saturated. Examples of foods with healthy fats are nuts, salmon and avocado.

2. Avoid food with a lot of calories

When you eat foods that contain a lot of calories, chances are that you get too much of it in one day. These are often foods, where you quickly get hungry after the meal. Products with a lot of calories are junk food, chips or cookies. Nutrition with healthy fats are the exception to this!

3. Take only water or tea after breakfast

It sometimes seems that fruit juices or water with added vitamins seem healthy, but the opposite is true. These are often full of calories, so you unnoticeably get more calories than you think. Pure water from the tap or bought in a pack / bottle is often the healthiest thing you can drink. Water also contains no calories. Since (green) tea also mainly consists of water, that will also help you lose weight.

4. Moderate alcohol

Red wine is healthy at best, but do not drink too much. Many sugars are added to alcoholic beverages, while alcohol itself also contains a lot of sugar.

5. Replace meat with fish or chicken.

Fish contains less bad fats than pork and beef. Poultry such as chicken is lean meat and will therefore help you lose weight.

6. Eat a lot of vegetables

Vegetables contain a lot of moisture and fiber. This gives you a feeling of satisfaction faster. It is very healthy and you give your body what it needs. This will ensure that you continue to think clearly and therefore will stay more motivated to eat healthy.

7. Avoid white food

This refers to food such as sugar, rice, pasta, bread and other flour products. This diet contains many carbohydrates, or quick sugars. If you do not exercise immediately, these calories will be stored quickly in the body as fat.

8. Switch to normal coffee

Coffee itself contains no calories, but you often drink cappuccino or espresso than you will be more likely to get overweight. These contain many unhealthy additions. Therefore switch to normal or fresh coffee. The old-fashioned filter coffee is actually the healthiest!

9. Breakfast with oatmeal or muesli

A hearty breakfast includes a lot of fiber, protein and slow carbohydrates. Muesli and especially oatmeal are perfect for this. This will give you a fuller feeling for the rest of the day. Add some fruit for the taste and you are also provided with a dose of vitamins in the morning.

10. Avoid as much processed food as possible.

This often contains sugar and often only has 1/10 of the original nutritional value. You eat a lot of empty calories that your body does nothing about. In addition, processed food is also often addictive because of the sugar and fat ratio, so you eat too much quickly.

11. Eat spicy

When your food is seasoned or spicy, it will cause your metabolism to speed up. This will cause your body to burn more fat.

12. Take fruit instead of fruit juice

There is far less fiber in fruit juice than in fruit itself. Fibers ensure that you get a more saturated feeling. You also get less sugars when eating fruit than when drinking fruit juice.

13. Replace sugar-rich snacks with nuts

A snack is usually something that can be caught quickly and can be put into your mouth. Think of chocolate, chips or cookies. As you probably already know, these products are full of sugars. Replace with nuts. These are also ready, but sugar-free and contain healthy fats.

14. Green smoothie

A green smoothie is packed with vitamins and minerals. The moisture and the remaining fibers in the smoothie also give you a full feeling. That’s why a green smoothie is ideal for drinking before eating, so you end up having a smaller meal and thus getting fewer calories.

Simple tricks for brilliant white teeth

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Unfortunately, the beautiful white color of your teeth is quickly affected by certain foods and different drinks. Fortunately, you do not have to give up your daily cups of tea and coffee (as long as it is in moderation of course), because there are a number of other ways to get beautiful, white teeth . And they are very easy!

1. Clean, polish, polish

It goes without saying, but: a beautiful, healthy and white teeth begins with proper brushing and cleaning of your teeth. Brush your teeth twice a day for at least two minutes. Preferably electric. It is especially important to brush your teeth before bedtime. (How tempting it is to dive right into your bed. #Guilty ) When you sleep you make less saliva, while saliva cleans your mouth. If you skip brushing in the evening, you create a breeding ground for all the bacteria of the day. Y ikes!

In addition, regularly use a mouthwash and try to floss as often as possible to remove any leftovers between your teeth. Hello white teeth !

Did you know that these 11 things are damaging your teeth? >

2. Rinse with apple cider vinegar

Not as effective as having your teeth bleached professionally, but a safe, natural and inexpensive alternative to white teeth : apple cider vinegar. Rinse your mouth once a day for one minute with 2/3 water and 1/3 apple cider vinegar.

3. Eat raw vegetables and fruits

Raw fruits and vegetables are not only good for you, also for your teeth! Eating nuts, (sour) apples and cauliflower removes stains and deposits on your teeth and prevents cavities. Another reason to bring raw vegetables to school / the office.

The panacea in your kitchen cabinet for radiant white teeth >

4. Rub your teeth in a strawberry

Save the next time you organize a chocolate fondue with your friends, some extra strawberries. In strawberries there are natural apple acids and these can provide white teeth . Cut the strawberry in half and massage the white, inner part of the strawberry into your teeth. Tastes well too! Note: acid is not so good for your teeth, so do not do this too often.

5. Make a natural mouthwash

Mix a little salt with water and use this mixture as a natural mouthwash to remove plaque. Also for this mixture applies: use in moderation.

You probably did not know this yet! This way you can drink tea but still keep white teeth >

6. Kissyface kissyface

Who would have known?A fierce session of sweat works wonders for your teeth. Because you make extra saliva during kissing, your teeth are protected against plaque. So … Who wants?

7. Fake it until you make it

No patience for these natural tricks? Fake your million dollar smile by wearing a red lipstick with a blue undertone. The blue undertone makes your teeth appear whiter than they are. SMAK!

How to make the beard grow

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The growth of facial hair depends on many factors, such as genetics or testosterone levels. Normally the beard grows 1.2 cm per month, although it depends on each person. There are some tricks so that the natural process of growth of your beard is more bearable, and also some treatments that stimulate the beard growth. Next we tell you ours.

How to stimulate the growth of the beard?

At Macho Beard Company we have developed a revolutionary treatment that favors the growth of the beard. With the “Growth” Beard Oil what we do is stimulate that natural growth and provide the hair follicle with the nutrients it needs to produce healthy hair. You will notice results while your beard grows. But we warn you, being bearded requires patience!

1. Let it grow freely.

Getting a more or less populated beard will take at least a month. We recommend that during this period of initial growth of the beard you avoid shaping or cutting it during that first month. In this way you will understand how your beard grows naturally and you will get an idea of ??the ways you can get it.

2. The first thing is to take care of the skin

From male to male: nothing happens if it’s your first time leaving your beard grow! We have all been virgins at some point, and we have all had to explain that the most important thing for your beard to grow healthy and leafy is to take care of the skin on which it is born . Depending on your type of skin, sensitive, dry or mixed, it is important that you choose the oil that best suits it to keep your skin hydrated and nourish the hair follicle.

3. Hydration

Daily hydration is the key to the growth of a healthy and lustrous beard . We recommend you to moisturize the skin under your beard with natural oils of the highest quality. In our formulas find the combination of coconut oil and jojoba of the highest quality and in the highest possible percentage to take care of your skin and the hair follicles of facial hair to the extreme.

4. Fight the itching

At some point while your beard comes out your skin may rebel and itch. Forbidden to succumb to the temptation to shave! To combat the natural itching of the skin while growing the beard you simply have to wash it with a specific soap that respects the ph of the skin of your face and provides the nutrients you need, and moisturize it. We have told you before, the hydration of the skin is the key to get a full and healthy beard.

5. Give it shape

After that first period of wild growth you find yourself before a fantastic canvas on which to sculpt your beard. Now is when we recommend choosing a path: let your beard grow naturally, or adapt its shape according to your physiognomy and the style with which you feel most comfortable. For this we recommend that you go to a professional. Your barber will help you make the best decision in this regard.

Our Growing Lumberjack Oil, besides stimulating the growth of the beard , leaves your skin hydrated, sanitized and very healthy. Oh! And it has relaxing properties, and an irresistible aroma, Machote.

The Growing is applied with a light massage on the skin under the beard . This increases blood flow, prepares pores, and facilitates the absorption of the essential nutrients of our formula in the hair follicle. We seek to promote cell division, and therefore the growth of facial hair.

For best results, we recommend using it daily after showering and, above all, before going to sleep. Did you know that during the sleep cycle is when your body works more on cell regeneration?

If you want a championship beard, you know, Machote: relax and enjoy your daily massage with the Growing Lumberjack.

Hemorrhoids can lead to a condition called prolapse

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Falling occurs when the internal hemorrhoids swell and then pass through the anus. In this case you can feel and feel a cone outside the anus. In many cases it is possible to carefully straighten it back through the anus and the problem, but if the hemorrhoids can not be vpravled, hemorrhoids may still get stuck outside the anus – malfunction. If this happens, you should consult a doctor urgently!

When the hemorrhoid nodes fall, itching often appears in the anus (anal itching). Traumatising such hemorrhoids (for example, with constipation) can cause bleeding and pain.

The result of external hemorrhoids can be a painful condition called thrombosed hemorrhoids.
When a blood clot enters the hemorrhoid node, the hemorrhoids will even become swollen. This leads to an even greater increase.
There is severe pain and a burning sensation during the stool.
This is also one of the factors that may require examination and treatment by a physician.

The presence of a constant humidity in the anus together can lead to such symptoms, such as itching in the anal area, although these are not typical symptoms of hemorrhoids.

Most people with hemorrhoids have a good prognosis. Possible outbreaks of the disease – bleeding or mild discomfort from time to time, but they did not seem long and can be taken home without reporting to the doctor.

Some people need an operation. This operation is quite simple and most patients after surgery have an improvement.

Diagnosis of hemorrhoids. Analyzes and procedures

Diagnosing hemorrhoids is not difficult. The diagnosis is usually revealed when the patient is questioned and the first outpatient examination. Given the estimated degree of prolapse of the anal canal, the ability to move their return, the skin of the anal area, presence and level of bleeding.

Sometimes you may need an anascopy

When anaskopii placed small glowing ball (anaskop) in the anus, so you can fully see the anus and lower rectum. The procedure causes a minor inconvenience, but is easily performed in the doctor’s office and requires no painkillers.

To spend oncology sigmoidoscopy examination rectum and sigmoid colon, in which the mucous membrane inspected these areas to exclude.

MALE AGING AND GYNECOMASTIA

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Gynecomastia is a non-tumorous hyperplasia of the mammary gland. It usually affects both breasts, but can however be unitalal. What may seem paradoxical, especially when an endocrine etiology must be retained, is probably explained by differences in the sensitivity of the receptors present in the breast tissue.

The discovery mode is very variable. It may be a fortuitous discovery on clinical examination or on the contrary the very reason for consultation because of its volume or discomfort, or even pain.

In the neonatal period gynecomastia is common and is explained by the transplacental passage of estrogen. Its possible occurrence at puberty corresponds to the initiation of steroidogenesis. In the older man there is a peak frequency between 50 and 80 years when three quarters of the population are affected. The origin of these gynecomastia is often mixed but the androgen deficit is the most common cause in the elderly man.

It is a galactophoric and conjunctive proliferation of estrogenic type, without acini, but with rough pseudo-lobules. The proportion between epithelial and connective tissue depends on the age of gynecomastia.These pathological types are described by OhMyMoobs.com:

– Type 1 corresponds to a florid aspect, quite typical of estrogen therapy. The hyperplasia of the canals is concentrically surrounded by a rather loose and edematous connective tissue where collagen fibers are scarce. The epithelium is hyperplastic.

– Type 2 shows a quiescent aspect. This is the most common type. The channels are embedded in dense collagen, without epithelial hyperplasia (Figure 1).

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

The appearance of gynecomastia reflects a change in estrogen / testosterone ratio. Indeed, androgens, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone are inhibitors of the proliferation of breast tissue. Endogenous estrogens, exogenous or derived from the aromatization of androgens stimulate the proliferation of breast tissue. Leydig cells secrete 15% of the circulating estradiol. The rest comes from the extragonadal conversion of an androgenic precursor. The same goes for estrone with a 5% testicular – 95% extragonadal ratio.

Hyperestrogenism can be absolute if there is a pathological increase of estrogen secretions of tumoral origin, leydigienne (stimulated by hCG) or peripheral by aromatization in adipose tissue. It may also be estrogen of exogenous origin (drugs, foods). The synthesis of SHBG is then increased and leads to a further reduction of the free fraction of androgens which further increases the estrogenic environment.

Hyperoestrogenicity may be relative if there is a decrease in plasma androgens compared to estrogen secretions that remain normal. As the affinity of SHBG is greater for androgens than for estrogens, the free fraction of androgens is further diminished.

CLINICAL ASPECT

Interrogation guides the diagnosis. Family history of the same type should be looked for, manifestations similar to puberty. The clinical examination makes it possible to specify the uni or bilateral character, the possible symmetry of the gynecomastia and the volume of the swelling. Palpation also looks for nipple discharge and possible axillary lymphadenopathy.

The main differential diagnosis to be evoked is adipomastia, which is softer, granular, noncentralized by the nipple, which tends to follow the infero-external edge of the pectoralis major muscle and is often associated with overweight. Breast tumors are rare in humans, but we must know how to evoke the diagnosis in front of a hard nodule, insensitive, accompanied by a possible flow.

ETIOLOGIES

Gynecomastia are most often related to hormonal imbalance. In the elderly man an iatrogenic cause must be sought first but it is most often a gynecomastia linked to hypogonadism. The following list attempts to identify iatrogenic causes in the most complete way possible, although some of the treatments mentioned are not used very frequently in older men.